Pertussis (Whooping Cough)

• Cough
• Runny Nose
• Fever
• Fatigue
• Vomiting

Pertussis is caused by the bacterium Bordetella pertussis. It spreads very easily through respiratory droplets when an infected person coughs, sneezes, or shares breathing space. An infected person can spread it from the onset of symptoms through at least 2 weeks of coughing, or until 5 days of appropriate antibiotic treatment.

Pertussis remains a significant public health concern with periodic outbreaks occurring every 3–5 years in the U.S. The CDC reports thousands of cases annually, with the highest rates in infants under 1 year. Outbreaks are common in schools and childcare settings, particularly when vaccination rates decline.

Pertussis is treated with antibiotics, typically azithromycin, clarithromycin, or trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole. Early treatment (within the first 1–2 weeks) can reduce severity and prevent spread. Supportive care includes small frequent meals to reduce vomiting after coughing fits, plenty of fluids to prevent dehydration, rest in a calm and quiet environment, and using a cool-mist humidifier. Infants under 1 year, especially those under 6 months, may require hospitalization for monitoring, suctioning, and oxygen support. Seek emergency care for any pauses in breathing (apnea), blue or purple skin color, inability to keep fluids down, or signs of dehydration.

Vaccination is the most effective prevention. The DTaP vaccine is given to children at 2, 4, 6, and 15–18 months, with a booster at 4–6 years. The Tdap booster is recommended for preteens at age 11–12 and for pregnant women during each pregnancy (to protect newborns). Additional prevention measures include keeping infants away from anyone with a persistent cough, ensuring all caregivers and close contacts are up to date on pertussis vaccination (cocooning strategy), and practicing good hand hygiene and respiratory etiquette.

Track Pertussis (Whooping Cough) and other illnesses at your child's school in real time.

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