What Is Fifth Disease?
According to the CDC, fifth disease gets its name from being the "fifth" childhood rash illness identified by doctors (after measles, scarlet fever, rubella, and others). Its medical name is erythema infectiosum, caused by parvovirus B19.
The Distinctive "Slapped Cheek" Look
The hallmark of fifth disease is bright red cheeks that look like the child was slapped—hence the nickname "slapped cheek syndrome."
Symptoms and Timeline
Stage 1: Mild Illness (Days 1-7)
The American Academy of Pediatrics describes the early symptoms as:
- Low-grade fever
- Headache
- Runny nose
- Feeling tired
- Most contagious during this stage
Stage 2: The Rash Appears (Days 7-10)
- Bright red rash on cheeks
- Lacy, net-like rash on arms, legs, and trunk
- Rash may be slightly itchy
- No longer contagious once rash appears
Stage 3: Coming and Going (Weeks 1-3)
- Rash fades and reappears
- Triggered by heat, sunlight, or exercise
- May last up to 3 weeks
Important Information for Parents
The Good News
- Most children recover fully without treatment
- Once you've had it, you're typically immune for life
- It's not contagious once the rash appears
The Concerning Part
The Mayo Clinic notes that fifth disease can be dangerous for:
- Pregnant women: Can cause complications for the fetus
- People with anemia or immune disorders: Can cause severe anemia
- Children with sickle cell disease: May trigger aplastic crisis
What Chicago Parents Should Know
School Attendance
Since children are no longer contagious once the rash appears, most Chicago schools allow them to attend if they feel well. Check your specific school's policy.
Alerting Others
If your child is diagnosed with fifth disease, let their school know. The school should notify families of pregnant staff members or students' pregnant mothers.
Treatment at Home
According to the CDC, there's no specific treatment for fifth disease. Focus on comfort:
- Fever reducers if needed
- Rest
- Fluids
- Oatmeal baths or antihistamines for itchy rash
Fifth Disease in Chicago Schools
Parents on Ick have reported fifth disease cases in schools across Chicago, particularly in:
- Elementary schools
- Preschools and Pre-K programs
- After-school care settings
The virus spreads easily in classrooms during the early, cold-like stage—before anyone knows it's fifth disease.
When to Call Your Doctor
Contact your pediatrician if:
- Your child has a chronic blood disorder or immune deficiency
- You're pregnant and exposed to fifth disease
- The rash seems severe or is spreading unusually
- Your child has joint pain (more common in older children and adults)
Sources:
Seeing the "slapped cheek" rash at your child's school? Report it on Ick to help other families—especially pregnant moms—stay informed.